Unit costs of national road upgrading (1996 costings):
Wide 2 lane with hard-shoulders: € 2.15 million per km
Dual carriageway: € 4.45 million per km
Maintenance costs (1996 per kilometer costings):
Secondary road: € 6400 per annum
Two lane : € 9500 per annum
Dual carriageway: €12,700 per annum
Cost of building a 10km road (1996 NRA figures):
Wide two lane with hard shoulders: € 21,500,000
Dual carriageway: € 44,500,000
Annual maintenance costs for 10km (1996 NRA figures):
Re-alignment option: €95,000 per annum; €
1,900,000 over 20 years
Dual carriageway + existing roadway down-graded to secondary:
€ 191,000 per annum; € 3,820,000 over 20 years
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